Iris Melanoma

Iris Melanoma is a rare form of uveal melanoma, which is a type of eye cancer that affects different parts of the uveal tract, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Typically visible as a dark spot, “freckle,” or discoloration on the iris, making it easier to detect during routine eye exams compared to other eye cancers. Despite this visibility, melanoma of the iris accounts for only about 5% of all uveal melanoma cases.

Treatment for iris varies based on the size, location, and growth of the tumor. Common treatments include brachytherapy, also known as “plaque therapy,” where a radioactive implant is placed near the tumor to destroy cancer cells, and iridectomy, which involves surgically removing part of the iris affected by the tumor. In some cases, an excisional biopsy is performed to remove and analyze the tumor tissue.

Biopsies play a critical role in the diagnosis and management of iris melanoma. A biopsy for gene expression profiling can be performed either prior to treatment of or during the procedure. This advanced testing analyzes the tumor’s genetic makeup, helping to determine its likelihood of metastasizing or spreading to other parts of the body. This information is crucial for developing a personalized treatment plan and monitoring strategy.

Ocular melanoma, including iris, requires early detection and expert care to achieve the best outcomes. Regular eye exams are essential, as symptoms may not always be noticeable. For more detailed information about biopsies and their role in diagnosing and managing ocular melanoma, refer to the tumor and biopsy section of our resources.